Aquarium dosing pump

Rather than pay anywhere between £80 and £500 on a commercial dosing pump, however, he decided to make one himself. By using a Raspberry Pi Pico microcontroller, along with good-quality relays and pumps, he has been able to create a driver for a fraction of the cost – just £14 in total. He has also done so without compromising. “Price wasn’t a limiting factor at all because these parts are relatively cheap,” he explains.

Nothing fishy

Although he was always keen to keep costs under £30, the main requirement was to create a device that could dose a configurable amount of chemicals accurate to within 0.5 millilitres or less. He also needed each pump to separately operate a configurable number of times each day so that different liquids could be used at different quantities.

“The doser needed to be low voltage because of its proximity to water, and I wanted it to be small and neat so that it could go near a beautiful reef tank and not look out of place,” Joe continues. “I also needed it to be repairable and easy to take apart if necessary to replace the parts. This is why I chose particular peristaltic pumps. You can take out the tubing and replace it with new tubing very easily from the front.”

Peristaltic pumps are low-maintenance and easy to sterilise. They use rollers or shoes to effectively massage a fixed amount of chemical through the tube while preventing back-flow. Sourcing the pumps and the relay took Joe a few hours. He was then able to design a case using 3D modelling software, map the wiring and electronics on paper, solder a prototype, and write the software.

Good dose

“When you buy a commercial doser, you’re stuck with the company’s proprietary software which is usually awful and painful to use, or simply doesn’t work half the time,” Joe says. “This project fit my ultimate aim which is to build everything for the aquarium myself, from the LED fixtures to the doser and temperature/pH monitoring system.”

Joe wrote the program in MicroPython and, after calibrating each of the doser’s two pumps to run at the same speed, he set it to run every 15 minutes. This allowed a small amount of calcium hydroxide to flow 96 times a day from one pump, ensuring 200 ml of the chemical would be dosed on a daily basis. The other pump was set to dose other chemicals, such as amino acids and food, when needed.

It’s certainly effective. Joe says that the Pico controls the relay, turning the pumps on and off with simple code sent via one of the GPIO pins. A few functions calculate the dosage/timing and the code just loops, sleeping in-between dosing. “My next step will be to upgrade to Raspberry Pi Pico W,” he says. “I will then write some wireless LAN code to control it via my mobile phone.”